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Solin's español
17회 숙제 (4/10/2021) 본문
1) "Voy a + 목적지" 을 사용하여 문장 5개를 만들어주세요
2) "Voy a + 동사원형"을 사용하여 문장 5개를 만들어주세요
3) Page 90쪽 1, 2번 풀어오기
4) 아래 10개의 irregular 동사를 이해하고 동사변화 암기해오기!
1. Ser – to be
Ser is in a world of its own, conjugation-wise: no other verbs follow the same model. It’s particularly irregular in all of the present, past and subjunctive tenses, as well as the imperative, but follows the rules for the future, conditional and past participle.
Present: Yo soy, tú eres, él/ella/Ud es, nosotros somos, vosotros sois, ellos/ellas/Uds son
* 예시. La girafa es muy alta. (The giraffe is very tall.)
Soy de Australia. (I’m from Australia.)
2. Estar – to be (feelings/location)
Estar also has its own unique conjugations, though it’s regular in more tenses than ser (to be). It’s irregular in the present, past and future subjunctive.
Present: Yo estoy, tu estás, él/ella/Ud está, nosotros estamos, vosotros estáis, ellos/ellas/Uds están
* 예시. El pingüino está molesto. (The penguin is angry.)
¿Dónde está el baño? (Where’s the toilet?)
3. Haber – to be (there is, auxiliary verb have)
Haber is used as an auxiliary verb in the same way that English uses “have,” for example, he comido (I’ve eaten). So, with a lot of use, it should become automatic fairly quickly for you. Its conjugations are unique. Conjugations of haber you’ll use often include hay (there is/are) and hubo (there were).
Present: Yo he, tú has, él/ella/Ud ha (but hay for impersonal), nosotros hemos, vosotros habéis, ellos/ellas/Uds han
* 예시: Hay un dragón en la colina. (There’s a dragon on the hill.)
4. Tener – to have/to have to do something
The present and subjective form of tener is completely irregular, but otherwise its irregularities often just involve an e-to-ie stem change, and tuv– for the past and subjunctive future.
Present: Yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/Ud tiene, nosotros tenemos, vosotros tenéis, ellos/ellas/Uds tienen
* 예시: Tengo que irme ya. (I have to go now.)
Maria tiene dolor de cabeza. (Maria has a headache.)
5. Poder – to be able (can, permission)
Things get a bit easier with poder. It follows the same model as many irregular verbs, changing o to ue or to u, though be aware that its future form gets a bit complex. In all irregular verbs, when these changes to ue occur, nosotros is never affected.
Present: Yo puedo, tú puedes, él/ella/Ud puede, nosotros podemos, vosotros podéis, ellos/ellas/Uds pueden
* 예시: No puedo nadar. (I can’t swim.)
¿Puedo ayudarle? (Can I help you?)
6. Hacer – to do/to make
Hacer breaks all the rules in all the tenses, except, nicely, the present tense—apart from yo. Other verbs that follow exactly the same pattern include deshacer (undo) and satisfacer (satisfy).
Present: Yo hago, tú haces, él/ella/Ud hace, nosotros hacemos, vosotros hacéis, ellos/ellas/Uds hacen
* 예시: No hago deporte. (I don’t do sports.)
Me haces reir. (You make me laugh.)
7. Ir – to go
Ir is another verb that’s uniquely irregular in all of the tenses.
Present: Yo voy, tú vas, él/ella/Ud va, nosotros vamos, vosotros vais, ellos/ellas/Uds van
* 예시: Voy a Francia. (I’m going to France.)
8. Poner – to place/to put
For poner, the stem changes to u in the past tense.
Present: Yo pongo, tú pones, él/ella/Ud pone, nosotros ponemos, vosotros ponéis, ellos/ellas/Uds ponen
9. Decir – to say
Decir is conjugated in the same way as bendecir (to bless) and maldecir (to curse or insult).
Present: Yo digo, tú dices, él/ella/Ud dice, nosotros decimos, vosotros decís, ellos/ellas/Uds dicen
* 예시: Dice que el mundo está malo. (He says the world is bad.)
Se dice que es mejor comer un buen desayuno. (They say it’s better to eat a big breakfast.)
10. Ver – to see/to watch
Ver is another unique verb that doesn’t share the patterns of any other.
Present: Yo veo, tú ves, él/ella/Ud ve, nosotros vemos, vosotros veis, ellos/ellas/Uds ven
* 예시: Te veo el lunes. (I’ll see you on Monday.)
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